INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS Misfortune 500

The real Mahathir laid bare for Malaysians and UMNO: Siti Hasmah says “he belongs to the people“ at a cost of RM100 billion
Malaysia has squandered an estimated RM100 billion on financial scandals under the 22-year rule of Dr Mahathir Mohamad, according to a new book about the former prime minister.
According to Barry Wain, author of the soon-to-be launched ‘Malaysian Maverick: Mahathir Mohamad in Turbulent Times’, direct financial losses amounted to about RM50 billion.
This doubled once the invisible costs, such as unrecorded write-offs, were taken into account. The RM100 billion total loss was equivalent to US$40 billion at then prevailing exchange rates.
Barry, who is a former editor of the Asian Wall Street Journal, says most of the scams, which included a government attempt to manipulate the international tin price and gambling by Bank Negara on global currency markets, occurred in the 1980s.
‘Malaysian Maverick’ is the first independent, full-length study of Mahathir, who retired in 2003 after more than two decades as premier. The book will be published globally next week by Palgrave Macmillan.
Wain writes that the Mahathir administration, which took office in 1981 with the slogan, “clean, efficient, trustworthy”, was almost immediately embroiled in financial scandals that “exploded with startling regularity”.
By the early 1990s, he says, cynics remarked that it had been “a good decade for bad behaviour, or a bad decade for good behaviour”.
Secret military deal with US
The book also reveals that:
Mahathir, despite his nationalistic rants, signed a secret security agreement with the United States in 1984 that gave the Americans access to a jungle warfare training school in Johor and allowed them to set up a small-ship repair facility at Lumut and a plant in Kuala Lumpur to repair C-130 Hercules transport aircraft.Mahathir used a secret fund of his ruling UMNO to turn the party into a vast conglomerate with investments that spanned almost the entire economy.Mahathir’s UMNO financed its new Putra World Trade Centre headquarters in Kuala Lumpur partly with taxpayers money, by forcing state-owned banks to write off at least RM140 million in interest on UMNO loans.Wain, who is now a writer-in-residence at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies in Singapore, however credits Mahathir with engineering the country’s economic transformation, deepening industrialisation and expanding Malaysia’s middle class.
But Mahathir had undermined state institutions, permitted the spread of corruption and failed to provide for Malaysia’s future leadership, he says.
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Recently published for public consumption, The 500 Most Influential Muslims (PDF) is already causing a stir throughout the web. While many are satisfied with the list’s contents or happy to have made the cut, others are shocked by the absence of particular names. Generally, however, most people are simply confused by the peculiar selection of the list’s 500 names.
One major issue with the book is that it privileges Muslims from the Arab Middle East and Western countries. The list is dominated by names of Muslims from Western and Arab countries. However, this does not necessarily reflect self-centeredness (after all, this list was prepared by Middle Eastern and Western institutions). Instead, it reflects ignorance of Muslims in the rest of the world. Neither Africa nor Southeast Asia receives a dignified mention; nor does the rest of Asia. Apparently, for Georgetown and the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Africa is still the Dark Continent! For scholars of Esposito’s stature to ignore the fact that influential Muslims are found wherever Islam is found is hardly acceptable or even believable. It was nothing short of a crime of omission.
Another glaring oddity is the list’s separate category for women. The fact that women were sidelined into their own category reflects mere lip service to women’s equality. The “add women and stir” approach to addressing the gender gap has been a worn out way for a number of decades for those seeking to demonstrate gender-inclusiveness despite their lack of desire to include women as equal partners. The fact that this kind of practice still persists within respected academic institutions is damning, particularly to the study of Islam, and shows a great failure on the part of those leading the editorial process.
To add insult to injury, the list of influential women is remarkably short. The gaping hole that could have been filled with so many of the world’s remarkable Muslim women reflects a lack of recognition and respect shown to Muslim women as leaders and scholars. Women are also completely missing from the book cover, both literally and figuratively relegated to a separate space.
It is undeniable that female scholars and leaders are given less airtime than men throughout the Muslim world. But, more importantly, it is also undeniable that female scholars often outclass their male counterparts. The list thus perpetuates the unfortunate rule that Muslim women will receive neither the mention nor the credit they deserve for their contributions.
At a fundamental level we are unlikely to all agree on who constitutes a “Muslim”, let alone who constitutes an influential one, and in this way all lists like this are an exercise in foolishness. The way that international policy makers see influence is different than the way an average Muslim man or woman is going to see it—each person is influenced in different ways. The book’s key problem is thus its lack of a specific methodology to deal with the concept of influence. Judging from the book’s composition, it appears that no methodology was used at all, which makes it a completely subjective list chosen by people who will have to pick certain people because of political alliances, religious motivations, or a stated mission, such as the promotion of a tolerant Islam.
That said, the book is useful as a general guide to who’s who in the Arab and Western Muslim world. And although the philosophical divisions in the book’s introductory pages lack academic credibility, the classification is nevertheless done in a clear and intelligent way. This should help many Muslims and non-Muslims grapple with the complexity of our incredibly diverse religion.
However, while the book conveys a lot of information, little is authenticated by reliable sources. The list thus operates on the faulty assumption that the editors’ stature ensures the book’s reliability. As a properly researched and referenced book, this would have been a great addition to the bookshelf of anyone interested in notable Muslims.
A next attempt at creating such a list should be named Who’s Who of Islam. It should serve as a guide to important Muslims around the world, listed by country and topic. The list could be carefully divided to represent the reality of Muslim demographics, and regional editors could be used to give a clear picture of the “movers and shakers” in those regions. A side publication could be The Power Brokers in the Muslim World, where the majority of the figures in the Top 50 would be placed. This would better reflect the reality of our world, but would also provide some measure of academic rigor, and make the writing of such a list less of an imprudent undertaking.
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