Minutes after Oppenheimer had constructed a nuclear bomb for the USA, the US Department of Defense had made a decision to use the bomb on Japan. It took several weeks to use the untested weapon on Nagasaki. Within 20 years France and Britain had been given blueprints of the bomb to ensure Anglo Saxon and Norman hegemony on the planet. Within four decades White South Africa was given the technology to lead all of Africa. At the same time Israel was given the technology to contain Arab armies which had defeated Israel in 1973.
Pakistan has had Nuclear weapons for more than three decades, and not used the weapons. Intense pressure was put on Pakistan to roll back its nuclear program. After the failure of all that pressure the media now routinely prints stories about the danger of proliferation from Pakistan.
India’s nuclear imports (1949-2007) include six kilograms of enriched-uranium fuel rods from Britain, two 200 MW boiling – water reactors for Tarapur Atomic Power Reactor, two nitriding furnaces from Canada, enriched uranium hexafluoride (UF6) from the USA, , 19.5 tons of enriched uranium fuel from France, six type Norsk-Data 100 and ND 500 computers from Norway, beryllium from West Germany, Cray Super Computer from the USA, 30 tons of enriched uranium from the USA, 30 tons of enriched uranium from China, and five nuclear-pulse generators from the USA.
India’s Department of Atomic Energy floated 297 tenders to get nuclear equipment and materials including Anhydrous Ammonia, tungsten inert – gas welding sets for its centrifuge plant. India surreptitiously imported banned items like canned motors and high-vacuum sealed valves and exported them to other states.
She imported several shipments of heavy water from the USA Britain and some other countries for its Canada – India – USA Research Reactor (CIRUS). One major shipment of 254.5 tons of heavy water was imported from the USA. Another shipment of 266 tons of heavy water was imported from the Soviet Union, besides one of 27.5 tons from Norway via Germany and Switzerland.
Her illegal nuclear exports, also, baffle one’s imagination. In June 2008, a consignment of 1,150 kg of nuclear-grade graphite was caught in Mumbai on the eve of its export by air from Nickunj Eximp of India to Ward Commercial Company of Iran. The exporting company had bought the material from China at Rs 50 per kilogram, but it was being exported to Iran at wobbling Rs 2,000 per kilogram. Another consignment of graphite, which was destined for Dubai, also was intercepted by customs authorities.
Export of graphite to Iran stands prohibited under Indian commerce ministry’s notification issued in September 2007. Besides, all graphite exports require certification by India’s Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). Even the DAE is debarred from issuing export licences for Iran – bound nuclear-sensitive materials.
The consignment accidentally came to notice of air-cargo authorities. An official became suspicious at the cylindrical shapes of the goods being exported. Interestingly, Nickunj Shah, owner of the exporting company, supplies graphite, and electric-discharge machine wires and parts to Bharat Atomic Research Centre also. Besides, exporting nuclear material and chemicals to Iran, India has been secretly sending its retired nuclear scientists to Iran for assisting Iran’s nuclear enrichment programme.
Several Indian nationals or companies have been penalized, under Iran-Iraq Non – Proliferation Act, for exporting nuclear contraband to Iran, Iraq, or other countries. For instance, India’s NEC Engineers Private Limited (headed by Hans Raj Shiv) aided and abetted Iraq’s chemical and biological programme. He sent `10 shipments containing titanium vessels, filters, centrifugal pumps atomized and spherical aluminum powder, and anodes to Iraq’. Two other companies, Sabero Organics Gujarat Limited and Sandhya Organics Limited, also, were penalized under the Proliferation Act.India’s business network is much more sophisticated than was Dr Khan’s. To avoid identification, they reroute goods to intended destinations via several countries.
Parthasarthy Sudershan (president Cirrus Electronics, USA), along with Mythili Gopal (the company’s international sales manager), and two other employees Akn Prasad (Bangalore) and Sampath Sundar (Singapore) were indicted in US district court in Washngton D.C. for `export violations, international – arms trafficking and conspiracy. They shipped heat-resistant computer chips, capacitors, semiconductors, rectifiers and resistors out of the USA.
During the past decades, India has been exporting not only nuclear – sensitive materials but also heavy water to various countries. It exported 11 tons of heavy – water to Belgium, and 116 tons to South Korea. India met South Korea’s demand for heavy water and nuclear-grade zircloy on regular basis. Her exports of other nuclear materials include: thorium-uranium blocks and strips to West Germany, chloride to Europe and the United States, 10 kilograms of sinterable grade thorium powder to Canada, thorium foils and wires to Switzerland, illeminite worth $ 12.9 million to the USA, a Gamma – Chamber – 4000 unit to Burma, another to Singapore and a third one to Sudan, lasers to Indonesia, 130 consignments of radio – labeled phosphates to Indonesia, Syria, Tanzania and Zambia, neutron spectrometers to Britain and South Korea, seamless titanium tubes to Bulgaria, a synthetic rutile to Japan, 500 thorium – oxide ceramic buttons to the USA, zirconium to the USA, Uranium is regularly smuggled from India’s mines at Salanpur and Jaduguda. A smuggling network, led by Maheshwar Deo Singh, carries on its activities with impunity. The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymailnews.com/200807/17/dmcolumnpage.html
Ignoring India’s Nuclear proliferation encourages Hindu Fascism. [Several cases] of Indian nuclear proliferation have come to light like:
- David Albright’s exposé India’s Gas Centrifuge Program: Stopping Illicit Procurement and the Leakage of Technical Centrifuge Know-How.
- The ISIS concluding that Indian procurement methods for its nuclear programme leak sensitive nuclear technology with impunity.
- Then there is the Indian firm NEC Engineering Private Limited mentioned in the British government’s Iraq Dossier for helping Iraq produce ammonium per chlorate in a plant at Al-Mamoun; and worse still,
- Indian Nuclear Scientists, Dr Y S R Prasad and Dr Surendra Chaudhary, being found guilty of nuclear proliferation, having sanctions imposed by US State Department on September 29, 2004, in keeping with its Non-proliferation Act 2000.
No comments:
Post a Comment